6 Jul 2020

성병(성감염 질환/성관계 질환/감염성 성병/감염성 성병), Sexually transmitted diseases(STD/Sexually transmitted infections/Sexual relation infections)

by | posted in: Uncategorized | 0

성병(성감염 질환/성관계 질환/감염성 성병/감염성 성병), Sexually transmitted diseases(STD/Sexually transmitted infections/Sexual relation infections)

  • 성교를 할 때 박테리아나 바이러스, 클래메디아균, 트리코모나스 원충, 기생충, 또는 진균 등 병원체에 감염되어 생기는 감염병을 성병, 성적 전파 질환, 성감염 질환, 성 매개 감염, 성인 질환, 성인성 성행위 매개질환, 감염성 성병 또는 성관계 질환이라 한다. 
  • 소아 성 교육을 시킬 때 부모들도 소아과학회도 금단이 가장 좋은 성병예방이라고 사춘기 아이들에게 교육시키지만 미 고등학교의 약 75%의 사춘기 아이들이 질 성교를 했다고 한다. 
  • 미 CDC통계에 의하면 미 14~19세 사춘기 아이들의 25%가 적어도 한 종류의 성병에 걸려있다고 한다. (출처;Contemporary pediatrics, April 2008. P.57). 
  • 사춘기 여아들의 26%가 적어도 한 종류의 감염성 성병에 걸려있다고 한다. 
  • 이 연구에 참가했던 사춘기 학생들의 50%는 성교했던 경험이 있고, 성교했던 경험이 있던 사춘기 여학생들의 40%는 성병에 이미 걸려있었다고 한다. 
  • 성교 했던 여학생들의 20.4%는 단 한 상대자와 성교를 했고, 50%는 성교 상대자나 한명 이상 여러 성교 상대자들과 성교를 했다고 한다. (출처; Infectious disease in children, April 2008 P.1). 
  • 사춘기 남아들이 성교를 할 때 이성을 성교 상대자로 삼을 수도 있고 일부는 동성을 성교 상대자로 삼을 수 있다. 
  • 사춘기 남아에게 에이즈의 바이러스(HIV/Human immunodeficiency virus)에 감염될 수 있고 매독, 임질 등 박테리아 감염성 성병에 걸일 수 있다. 
  • 동성 성교 상대자와 구강 성교를 하거나 또는 항문 성교를 할 때는 임질균 항문염이나 임질균 인두염도에 걸릴 수 있다. 
  • 사춘기 아이들은 물론 부모들도 이런 저런 성병에 관한 지식을 많이 가지고 있어야하고 자녀들이 성병에 걸리지 않게 예방해 주고 걸리면 치료하는데 이 소아 성교육 정보를 이용하면 좋을 것이다. 
  • 사람 면역 결핍 바이러스(HIV) 감염 고 위험도에 속한 미 고교 9~12학년의 학생들은 기본 HIV 검사를 기본적으로 받으라고 권장한다. 소스: Contemporary Pediatrics eConsult Jan 12, 2012
 감염성 성병의 종류 
1. 에이즈 HIV infection,
2. 임질 Gonorrhea, 
3. 클래미디아 감염병 Chlamydia infection,
4. B형 간염 Hepatis B,
5. C형 간염 Hepatis C, 
6. 트리코모나스 감염병 Trichomoniasis,
7. 매독 Syphilis,
8. 헐퍼스 감염병(헤르페스바이러스 감염병, 음부포진) Herpes virus type 1 and type 2 infection, 
9. 첨규성 콘딜로마/ 인간유두바이러스(HPV) 감염병 Human papillomavirus infections, 
10. 연성 하감 Chancroid, 
11. 임균성 요도염 Gonorrheal urthritis, 
12. 비임균성 요도염 None-Gonorrheal urthritis, 
13. 골반 염증성 질환 PelvicInflammatory Disease
14. Mycoplasma Genitalium
  1. 등이 있다.

 감염성 성병에 관한 연구

  • 감염성 성병의 종류에 따라 원인, 증상 징후, 합병증, 치료가 다르다. 
  • 어떤 성병에 걸리면 외부 생식기(바깥 생식기관/외성기(外性器)/외생식기(外生殖器)나 내부 생식기(안 생식기관/내성기(外性器)/내생식기(外生殖器)), 또는 내·외부 생식기에도 감염성 성병이 생길 수 있고 그로 인해 이런 종류의 감염성 성병에 걸려 앓거나 죽을 수 있다. 
  • 미 텍사스 대학 연구팀은 2006~2007년 감금된 1,425명의 13~16세 사춘기 아이들을 상대로 감염성 성병 발병률을 조사했는데 그 연령층에서 에이즈(HIV infection) 발병률은 감소추세에 있고 클래미디아균성 성병과 임질감염이 사춘기 남아들의 9%, 사춘기 여아들의 28%, 에이즈는 사춘기 남아들의 2명, 사춘기 여아는 한 명도 감염되지 안했다.(Pediatric News 8, 2008. P10) 
  • 미국에서 형무소에 감금되기 한 달 전부터 사춘기 남아를 6,805명 중 78%가 적극적으로 성생활을 했고 마지막 성교를 할 때 69%에서 콘돔을 썼고, 29%에서 새 성교 대상자와 성교를 했다고 한다. 
  • 이 연구에서, 클래미디아 감염병이 사춘기 남아들의 8%, 임질 감염병이 0.68%, 두 종류의 감염병이 동시 있는 경우가 1%이었다고 한다. 
  • 미국에서 감옥에 감금되기 한 달 전부터 사춘기 여아 1,425명 중 74%가 적극적으로 성교를 헸고 마지막 성교를 할 때 49%에서 콘돔을 썼고, 19%에서 새 성교 대상자와 성교를 했다고 한다. 그 중 9%에서 돈이나 마약을 받고 성교를 했다고 한다. 
  • 이 연구는 미 전체의 사춘기 아이들의 성생활이나 전 세계의 사춘기 아이들의 성생활을 반영할 수는 없지만 일부 지역에서 사는 사춘기 아이들의 성생활에 관한 연구이다. 
  • 그렇지만 사춘기 아이들의 성병의 일면을 이 연구애서 엿볼 수 있다. 
  • 클래미디아 감염병이 사춘기 남아들의 8%, 임질 감염병이 0.68%, 두 종류의 감염병이 함께 있는 경우가 1%이었다고 한다.
  • 에이즈는 사춘기 남아들의 2명, 사춘기 여아는 한 명도 감염되지 안했다. 
  • 최근 12~20세 사춘기 여아들의 259명을 대상으로 8가지의 감염성 성병의 종류가 있다는 것을 알고 있나 조사했다.
  • 12~20세 사춘기 여아들의 259명을 대상으로 연구조사 했다.
  • 69%는 C형 간염이 성교를 할 때 감염될 수 있다는 사실을 모르고 있었다. 
  • 66%는 B 형 간염이 성교를 할 때 감염될 수 있다는 사실을 모르고 있었고. 
  • 43%는 트리코모나스 바지날레스(질 편모충/Trichomoniasis)에 성교를 할 때 감염될 수 있다는 사실을 모르고 있었고.
  • 16%는 매독이 성교를 할 때 감염될 수 있다는 사실을 모르고 있었고. 
  • 9%는 클래미디아가 성교를 할 때 감염될 수 있다는 사실을 모르고 있었고.
  • 9%는 헐퍼스바이러스 감염이 성교를 할 때 감염될 수 있다는 사실을 모르고 있었고. 
  • 8%는 임질균이 성교를 할 때 감염될 수 있다는 사실을 모르고 있었고. 
  • 7%는 에이즈와 HIV가 성교를 할 때 감염될 수 있다는 사실을 모르고 있었다. 출처- Pediatric News. 8. 2008, P25
  • 사춘기 아이들은 자신들이 성병에 관해 많이 알고 부모들이나 사춘기 아이들에 소아 성교육을 하는 교사들이 감염성 성병 예방에 관해 많이 연구하고 알아야 한다.
  • 이상 설명한 감염성 성병 이외 더 많이 있다.

 미국 10대 여아들과 남아들의 성에 관한 질의응답

  • 388명의 미 10대 여아들과 남아들에게 다음과 같은 성에 관한 질문을 했을 때 그들의 답변을 소개한다. 
Q. 자신이 게이(남성 동성애자), 레즈비언(여성 동성애자), 양성애 (Bisexual), 또는 이성애(Hetrosexuality)이라고 생각 하나
A. 86%가 그렇다,
Q. 한 남아 성교 상대자와 성교를 해본 적이 있느냐
A. 87%가 그렇다.
Q. 한 여아 성교 상대자와 성교를 해본 적이 있느냐
A. 70%가 그렇다.
 10대 아이들 중 일부는 남 10대들, 여 10대들과, 또는 남여 10대들과 데이트를 한다.
Q. 한 10대 남아에게 성적 매력을 느끼나
A. 75%가 그렇다.
Q. 한 10대의 여아에게 성적으로 매력을 느끼나
A. 71%가 그렇다.
여러 가지 방법으로 키스를 한다든지, 또는 여러 가지 방법으로 다른 사람과 성관계를 하는데
Q. 한 10대 여아와만 섹스를 한 적이 있느냐
A. 75%가 그렇다.
Q. 한 10대 남아와만 섹스 한 적이 있느냐
A. 71%가 그렇다.
Q. 그 동안 해 왔던 섹스에 관해 질문이나 걱정거리가 있느냐
A. 75%가 그렇다.
Q. 성적 매력에 관해 질문이나 걱정거리가 있느냐
A. 84%가 그렇다.

출처-DR. Hebert and DR. Laflamme, Pediatric News. 8,2008, P.25

  • 재미있는 연구이고 부모들이 참고하면 자녀 소아 성교육에 많은 도움이 되리라고 믿는다. 

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD/Sexually transmitted infections/Sexual relation infections)

• Infectious diseases caused by infection with pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, Chlamydia, Trichomonas protozoa, parasites, or fungi during sexual intercourse, sexually transmitted diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, sexually transmitted infections, adult diseases, adult sexually transmitted diseases , an infectious sexually transmitted disease or sexually transmitted disease.

• When it comes to sexual education in children, parents and the Academy of Pediatrics also educate adolescents that withdrawal is the best prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, but about 75% of adolescents in US high schools say that they have vaginal sex. • According to CDC statistics, 25% of adolescents aged 14-19 years have at least one type of sexually transmitted disease. (Source; Contemporary pediatrics, April 2008. P.57).

• It is reported that 26% of adolescent girls have at least one infectious sexually transmitted disease.

• 50% of the adolescent students in this study had had sexual intercourse, and 40% of the adolescent girls who had had sexual intercourse already had a sexually transmitted disease.

• 20.4% of the girls who had had sexual intercourse with only one partner, and 50% said they had intercourse with a sexual partner or more than one sexual partner. (Source; Infectious disease in children, April 2008 P.1).

• When adolescent boys have intercourse, they may have sex with the opposite sex, and some may use the same sex as their partner.

• Adolescent boys can be infected with HIV/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and can contract bacterial sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis and gonorrhea.

• You can get gonorrhea or gonococcal pharyngitis when you have oral or anal sex with a same-sex partner.

• Adolescent children as well as parents should have a lot of knowledge about these and other sexually transmitted diseases, and it would be good to use this information on pediatric sex education to prevent and treat sexually transmitted diseases in children.

• Students in grades 9-12 at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are encouraged to have a basic HIV test as standard. Source: Contemporary Pediatrics eConsult Jan 12, 2012 Types of Infectious STIs

1. AIDS (HIV infection),

2. gonorrhea;

3. Chlamydial Infectious Diseases;

4. Hepatitis B;

5. Hepatitis C;

6. Trichomonas infectious disease;

7. Syphilis,

8. Herpes infectious disease (herpes virus infection, herpes genitalis),

9. Accumulated condyloma/human papillomavirus (HPV) infectious disease,

10. ductile lowering,

11. gonococcal urethritis,

12. Non-gonococcal urethritis;

13. Pelvic inflammatory disease, etc.

Research on Infectious STIs

• Causes, symptoms, signs, complications, and treatment differ depending on the type of STI.

• If you have a sexually transmitted disease, you may have external genital organs (external genital organs/external genitalia/external genitalia) or internal genital organs (internal genital organs/internal genitalia/endogenital tract) or internal genitalia.

•The external genitalia can also develop venereal venereal diseases, which can result in contracting this type of venereal disease or death.

• The University of Texas research team investigated the incidence of infectious STIs among 1,425 adolescent children aged 13 to 16 who were incarcerated between 2006 and 2007. In that age group, the incidence of AIDS (HIV) infection is on a downward trend, and chlamydial STIs and gonorrhea infection 9% of adolescent boys and 28% of adolescent girls were not infected with AIDS, 2 of adolescent boys and none of adolescent girls. (Pediatric News 8, 2008. P10)

• In the United States, 78% of 6,805 adolescent boys from the month before their incarceration were actively sexually active, 69% used a condom during their last intercourse, and 29% had intercourse with a new sexual partner.

• In this study, 8% of adolescent boys had chlamydial infectious disease, 0.68% gonorrhea, and 1% had both types of infectious disease at the same time.

• In the United States, 74% of 1,425 adolescent girls from the month prior to their incarceration actively engaged in sexual intercourse, 49% used a condom during their last intercourse, and 19% had intercourse with a new sexual partner. Of those, 9% said they had sex in exchange for money or drugs.

• Although this study cannot reflect the sexual life of adolescents in the United States as a whole or the sexual lives of adolescents around the world, it is a study of the sexual lives of adolescents living in some regions.

• However, one aspect of sexually transmitted diseases in adolescents can be glimpsed in this study.

• Chlamydia infection was found in 8% of adolescent boys, gonorrhea infection in 0.68%, and both types of infectious disease coexist in 1%.

• Two adolescent boys and one adolescent girl were not infected with AIDS.

• We recently surveyed 259 adolescent girls between the ages of 12 and 20 whether they were aware of 8 types of sexually transmitted diseases.

• A study was conducted on 259 adolescent girls aged 12 to 20 years.

• 69% were unaware that hepatitis C can be transmitted through sexual intercourse.

• 66% were unaware that hepatitis B can be transmitted through sexual intercourse.

• 43% were unaware that Trichomonas vaginalis (Vaginal Trichomoniasis) can be transmitted through sexual intercourse.

• 16% were unaware that syphilis can be transmitted through sexual intercourse.

• 9% were unaware that chlamydia can be transmitted through sexual intercourse.

• 9% were unaware that herpesvirus infection can be transmitted through sexual intercourse.

• 8% were unaware that gonorrhea can be transmitted during sexual intercourse.

• 7% were unaware that AIDS and HIV can be transmitted through sexual intercourse. Source – Pediatric News. 8. 2008, P25

• Adolescents know a lot about sexually transmitted diseases, and parents or teachers who educate adolescents about sexually transmitted diseases should do a lot of research and know about the prevention of communicable diseases.

• There are many more than the infectious sexually transmitted diseases described above. Questions and Answers on Sexuality of Teenage Girls and Boys in the United States

• 388 American teenage girls and boys were asked the following gender-related questions and their responses were presented.

Q. Do you consider yourself gay (homosexual), lesbian (female), bisexual, or heterosexual?

A. 86% do,

Q. Have you ever had sex with a male sexual partner?

A. 87% are.

Q. Have you ever had sex with a female sexual partner?

A. 70% of them are. Some teenage boys date male teens, female teens, or male and female teens.

Q. Do you feel sexually attracted to a teenage boy?

A. 75% of the time.

Q. Are you sexually attracted to a teenage girl?

A. 71% are. Kissing in different ways or having sex with other people in different ways

Q. Have you ever had sex with only one teenage girl?

A. 75% of the time.

Q. Have you ever had sex with only one teenage boy?

A. 71% are.

Q. Do you have any questions or concerns about the sex you have been having?

A. 75% of the time.

Q. Do you have any questions or concerns about sexual attraction?

A. 84% are. Source – DR. Hebert and DR. Laflamme, Pediatric News. 8,2008, P.25 • It is an interesting study and I believe that it will be of great help to children’s sexuality education if parents refer to it.

STDs reach an all-time high for the sixth consecutive year in the US. Is your state in the top 10?
Gabriela Miranda, USA TODAY

In 2019 alone, there were more than 2.5 million cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis reported, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. This marks the sixth consecutive year of record-breaking cases of sexually transmitted diseases in the U.S.

The CDC’s data looked at states with the highest cases of chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis and congenital syphilis. The following numbers were collected from cases in 2019, the most recent data on file, and show a large increase from the reported 1.4 million cases in 2014.

USA TODAY has gathered a list of the top states with the highest reported STD cases below.

States with most cases of chlamydia

The top 10 included the following states, in order: Alaska, Mississippi, Louisiana, South Carolina, New Mexico, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, New York and Illinois.

The state ranked the lowest was New Hampshire. The U.S. total for 2019 was 1,808,703 cases.

Chlamydia is a common STD that affects both men and women. It is spread by having vaginal, anal or oral sex with someone who has chlamydia. It can be cured through medications.

Previous data: STDs at all-time-high: How did we get here?

The U.S. has reached a record breaking number of STD cases for the sixth consecutive year.
The U.S. has reached a record-breaking number of STD cases for the sixth consecutive year.

States with the highest cases of gonorrhea

Mississippi, Alaska, Alabama, South Carolina, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Missouri, North Carolina, South Dakota and Tennessee led the U.S. with the highest cases of gonorrhea.

Vermont was ranked as the lowest for 2019, and there was a total of 616,392 cases in the U.S. that year.

Gonorrhea is spread in the same ways as chlamydia and is common, especially among young people ages 15-24 years. A pregnant mother can pass the infection to her baby during childbirth. Although the infection is curable with medicine, it is becoming harder to treat as drug-resistant strains of gonorrhea are increasing.

States with the highest cases of syphilis and congenital syphilis

The top states with syphilis are, in order: Nevada, New Mexico, Mississippi, California, Oklahoma, Arizona, Alaska, Georgia, Louisiana and Florida. In total there were 38,992 reported cases in the U.S. in 2019.

However for congenital syphilis, when the infection is passed on from a pregnant mother to a child, the data differ. The states with the most congenital syphilis cases are Texas, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada, Louisiana, California, Oklahoma, Florida, Arkansas and Maryland. There were 1,870 cases reported in the U.S. in 2019.

Syphilis is transmitted from person to person by direct contact with a syphilitic sore, known as a chancre. After taking medication, syphilis does not recur but a person can be re-infected.

If an infected mother goes untreated, CDC data show the mother is likely to pass syphilis to the child. Congenital syphilis is a disease that can result in miscarriages, premature births, stillbirths and deaths of newborns.

If a mother goes untreated, CDC data shows she is likely to pass syphilis to the child.
If a mother goes untreated, CDC data shows she is likely to pass syphilis to the child.

What are the rates among racial and ethnic minority groups?

The CDC data illustrate STD rates were 1-2 times higher for Hispanic and Latino populations than non-Hispanic white people. Rates for American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander populations were 3-5 times higher than their white counterparts.

Data also showed STD rates were 5-8 times higher among Black populationss.

CDC data shows the disparities between ethnic and racial minority groups.
CDC data shows the disparities between ethnic and racial minority groups.

Follow Gabriela Miranda on Twitter: @itsgabbymiranda

This article originally appeared in USA TODAY: STD rates reach an all-time high in US. Which states have the most cases?

출처 및 참조 문헌 Sources and references

  • NelsonTextbook of Pediatrics 22ND Ed
  • The Harriet Lane Handbook 22ND Ed
  • Growth and development of the children
  • Red Book 32nd Ed 2021-2024
  • Neonatal Resuscitation, American Academy of Pediatrics
  • Diagnosis and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections. JAMA 1/2022
  • Red Book 32nd Edition 2021-2024
  • The Johns Hopkins Hospital, The Harriet Lane Handbook, 22nd edition
  • Red book 31st edition 2021
  • Nelson Text Book of Pediatrics 21st Edition
  • Emergency Pediatrics A Guide to Ambulatory Care, Roger M. Barkin, Peter Rosen
  • Ambulatory Pediatrics, Green and Haggerty, Saunders
  • School Health: A Guide For Health Professionals, American Academy of Pediatrics
  • How to really love your child. Ross Campbell
  • Good Behavior Stephen W. Garber, Ph.D. and other
  • Adolescent Medicine and The Media Adolescents Medicine
  • AM: Stars Adolescent Medicine: State of the Art Reviews, Asthma, and Diabetes in A
  • The Pediatric Clinics of North America, Adolescent Gynecology, Part II THe Sexually Active Adolescent, August 1999
  • Fueling the Teen Machine, Ellen Shanley and Colleen Thompson
  • Why Teenagers Act the Way They Do, Eight Adolescent Personality Types: Understanding and Dealing With Them, Dr. G. Keith Olson
  • The Pregnancy bible  Joan Stone, Keith Eddleman
  • Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, The Pediatric Clinics of North America in August 1987
  • Adolescent Gynecology, Ross Round table
  • Female Reproductive Health, Adolescent Medicine Patricia S. Simmons, M.D., Marc. Laufer, M.D.
  • The Adolescent Male: Adolescent Medicine, David S. Rosen, M.P.H., Michael Rich, M.D.
  • Lesbian and Gay Youth: Care And Counseling, Adolescent Medicine, Caitlin Ryan, M.S.W, A.C.S.W., Donna Futterman, M.D.
  • Medical and Gynecologic Endocrinology: Joseph S. Sanfilippo, M.D., Jordan W. Finkelstein, M.D., Dennis M. Styne. M.D., Adolescent Medicine Clinics, Oct. 2005 Vol. 16
  • Robert T. Brown, M.D., Paula K. Braverman, M.D.
  • 진정한 자녀 사랑 나비게이터
  • 10대 아들 딸 이렇게 사랑해 키워라 이상원 역
  • 소아과학 대한교과서
  • 의학 용어사전  대한 의사 협회
  • 제24권 사춘기 성교육 출처 참조 문헌
  • Gray Anatomy
  • 제 25권 임신, 분만, 출산, 신생아 돌보기 이상원저
  • 그 외

Copyright ⓒ 2014 John Sangwon Lee, MD., FAAP

“부모도 반의사가 되어야 한다”-내용은 여러분들의 의사로부터 얻은 정보와 진료를 대신할 수 없습니다.

“The information contained in this publication should not be used as a substitute for the medical care and advice of your doctor. There may be variations in treatment that your doctor may recommend based on individual facts and circumstances.

“Parental education is the best medicine.“